I read your comments on my first assignment carefully. I agree with you in your comments, "If we have "involvement strategies", it seems we must have a concomitant "involvement response". This is where the consideration of groomong and stroking comes in: as signs of listener involvment. Even so, the concepts of grooming and stroking are not fully developed". You commented, "Grooming is more concerened with "currying favor" whereas stroking is concerend with acknowledgement."
I looked up the definition of "grooming"From Wikipedia again. The term "grooming" is essentially related with direct and physical activity including cleaning, shaving, combing, and licking etc. I wonder whether the term is REALLY appropriate to interprete the involvement activities between storyteller and the audience. Because the involveme activities are neither direct nor physically touched. They are more indirect and mentally touched to someone's heart.
I am not sure that the status and ranking of participants in the storytelling event can be interpreted in terms of "grooming" and "stroking". It would be better if we have some reference for that. Since you are the person that wants to apply these terms into the storytelling event, you must PURSUDAE me with examples which covers the original meaning. In order to do my assignment to use those terms in the analysis, I myself must somehow be confirmed.
Most of listeners' responses are laughing or clapping without any "touched" involvement. If there are groomings between human beings (see below), they are very intimate and physically touched between lovers, between parents and children, between families, and between close friends. In other words, the grooming behavior occurs when the social relationship is very close. However, the social distance between storyteller and the audience is not close at all. In addition,storytellers' involvement strategies mainly consist of verbal and body gestures alone on the stage without any touch.
Would it be ok for us to ignore the literal and original meaning of grooming and stroking? In addition the grooming behaviors are mainly concerend with animals rather than human beings (see below).
David,
I am getting lost and very confused. Please help me and make me clear about my confusion if you can. Tannen talked abouth involvement in discourse and involvement strategies but did not mention the terms "grooming" and "stroking" at all. I can understand what and how you desribe the stroytelling event. But we still need to be very careful to adopt the new terms to interpret the event. A couple of my main concers are Cited From Wikipedia below. I would like to hear how my classmates think of my revisit. Your comments and feedback are welcome!!!
Cited From Wikipedia
All animals regularly clean themselves to keep their fur, feathers, scales, or other skin coverings in good condition. This activity is known as personal grooming, preening, or auto-grooming and is a form of hygiene.
Many social animals groom each other, an activity known as social grooming, mutual grooming, or allo-grooming. Items removed during social grooming are identical to those removed by personal grooming. Social grooming also takes the form of stroking, scratching, and massaging. Grooming in humans typically includes bathroom activities such as primping: washing and cleansing the hair, combing it to extract tangles and snarls, and styling. It can also include cosmetic care of the body, such as shaving.
A few empirical studies of human social grooming exist. They rely on self-report survey and experimental methodology of adults living primarily in the U.S. and other Western cultures. People report grooming romantic partners more than grooming people they have other types of relationships with like family members, friends, and strangers. Grooming is associated with increased relationship satisfaction, trust, and experience of family affection while growing up. People who groom, as opposed to touch each other without grooming, are perceived to be better potential parents, more in love with the person they have groomed and more caring and committed to them. Women, but not men, tend to think people who have groomed one another are romantically involved. People also think that if people who have groomed one other are romantically involved, they are in a long-term relationship rather than one that has just begun. Human mutual grooming plays a role in pairbonding.
Wednesday, April 8, 2009
Marian's Neologism 5-"Globish"
Have you heard about "Globish". The term is a portmanteau of the words "Global" and "English". It is another type of English like British English, Canadian English, and Australian English. Who uses the Globish? Can you guess? By non-native speakers of English. Non-native speakers of English create their own English for their convenience to communicate with each other in trade, business, conferences, and so on. They say that the Globish is much easier to understand than authentic English. Would it be possible that "Globish" becomes another language which is different from authentic English? How do you think?
Marian's Neologism 4-"Podcasting"
The term is a portmanteau of the words "iPod" and "broadcast".
A podcast is a series of digital media files, usually digital audio or video, that is made available for download via Web syndication. The syndication aspect of the delivery is what differentiates podcasts from other files accessible by direct download or streaming: it means that special software applications, generically known as podcatchers (such as Apple Inc.'s iTunes or Nullsoft's Winamp), can automatically identify and retrieve new files associated with the podcast when they are made available, and that these files can be stored locally on the user's computer or other device for offline use. This is done by the podcatcher accessing a centrally-maintained Web feed, which lists files associated with a certain podcast.
Like the term broadcast, podcast can refer either to the content itself or to the method by which the content is syndicated; the latter is also called podcasting. A podcaster is the person who creates the content.
The term is a portmanteau of the words "iPod" and "broadcast",[1] the Apple iPod being the brand of portable media player for which early podcasting scripts were developed (see history of podcasting), allowing podcasts to be automatically transferred from a personal computer to a mobile device after they are downloaded.[2] Despite the source of the name, it has never been necessary to use an iPod, or any other form of portable media player, to use podcasts; the content can be accessed using any computer capable of playing media files.[3] As more mobile devices other than iPods became able to synchronize with podcast feeds, a backronym developed where podcast stood for "Personal On Demand broadCAST."[4][5][6]
A podcast is a series of digital media files, usually digital audio or video, that is made available for download via Web syndication. The syndication aspect of the delivery is what differentiates podcasts from other files accessible by direct download or streaming: it means that special software applications, generically known as podcatchers (such as Apple Inc.'s iTunes or Nullsoft's Winamp), can automatically identify and retrieve new files associated with the podcast when they are made available, and that these files can be stored locally on the user's computer or other device for offline use. This is done by the podcatcher accessing a centrally-maintained Web feed, which lists files associated with a certain podcast.
Like the term broadcast, podcast can refer either to the content itself or to the method by which the content is syndicated; the latter is also called podcasting. A podcaster is the person who creates the content.
The term is a portmanteau of the words "iPod" and "broadcast",[1] the Apple iPod being the brand of portable media player for which early podcasting scripts were developed (see history of podcasting), allowing podcasts to be automatically transferred from a personal computer to a mobile device after they are downloaded.[2] Despite the source of the name, it has never been necessary to use an iPod, or any other form of portable media player, to use podcasts; the content can be accessed using any computer capable of playing media files.[3] As more mobile devices other than iPods became able to synchronize with podcast feeds, a backronym developed where podcast stood for "Personal On Demand broadCAST."[4][5][6]
Marian's Neologism 3-"Facebook"
I received a bunch of Facebook messages. I wonder what the term refers to. Here I found it.
Facebook
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Facebook is a free-access social networking website that is operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc.[1] Users can join networks organized
Facebook is a free-access social networking website that is operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc.[1] Users can join networks organized by city, workplace, school, and region to connect and interact with other people. People can also add friends and send them messages, and update their personal profiles to notify friends about themselves. The website's name refers to the paper facebooks depicting members of a campus community that some US colleges and preparatory schools give to incoming students, faculty, and staff as a way to get to know other people on campus.
Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook with fellow computer science major students and his roommates Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes while he was a student at Harvard University.[4] Website membership was initially limited to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It later expanded further to include any university student, then high school students, and, finally, to anyone aged 13 and over. The website currently has more than 175 million active users worldwide.[5]
Facebook has met with some controversy over the past few years. It has been blocked intermittently in several countries including Syria[6] and Iran.[7] It has also been banned at many places of work to discourage employees from wasting time using the service.[8] Privacy has also been an issue, and it has been compromised several times. It is also facing several lawsuits from a number of Zuckerberg's former classmates, who claim that Facebook had stolen their source code and other intellectual property.
History
The advent of Facebook came about as a spin-off of a Harvard University version of Hot or Not called Facemash.[9] Mark Zuckerberg, while attending Harvard as a sophomore, concocted Facemash on October 28, 2003. Zuckerberg was blogging about a girl and trying to think of something to do to get her off his mind.[10]
The Facebook on February 12, 2004
According to The Harvard Crimson, Facemash "used photos compiled from the online facebooks of nine Houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the “hotter” person." To accomplish this, Zuckerberg hacked into the protected areas of Harvard's computer network and copied the house's private dormitory ID images. "Perhaps Harvard will squelch it for legal reasons without realizing its value as a venture that could possibly be expanded to other schools (maybe even ones with good-looking people ... )," Zuckerberg wrote in his personal blog. "But one thing is certain, and it’s that I’m a jerk for making this site. Oh well. Someone had to do it eventually ... "[11] The site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating copyrights and violating individual privacy and faced expulsion, but ultimately the charges were dropped.[12] The following semester, Zuckerman founded "The Facebook", originally located at thefacebook.com, on February 4, 2004.[13] “Everyone’s been talking a lot about a universal face book within Harvard,” Zuckerberg told The Harvard Crimson. “I think it’s kind of silly that it would take the University a couple of years to get around to it. I can do it better than they can, and I can do it in a week.”[14] Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard was registered on the service.[15] Eduardo Saverin (business aspects), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), Andrew McCollum (graphic artist), and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[16] This expansion continued when it opened to all Ivy League and Boston area schools, and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[17] In June 2004, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[16] The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[18] Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005, which Zuckerberg called the next logical step.[19] At that time, high school networks required an invitation to join.[20] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies, including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[21] Facebook was then opened on September 26, 2006 to everyone of ages 13 and older with a valid e-mail address.[22][23] In October 2008, Facebook announced that it was to set up its international headquarters in Dublin, Ireland.[24]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Facebook is a free-access social networking website that is operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc.[1] Users can join networks organized
Facebook is a free-access social networking website that is operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc.[1] Users can join networks organized by city, workplace, school, and region to connect and interact with other people. People can also add friends and send them messages, and update their personal profiles to notify friends about themselves. The website's name refers to the paper facebooks depicting members of a campus community that some US colleges and preparatory schools give to incoming students, faculty, and staff as a way to get to know other people on campus.
Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook with fellow computer science major students and his roommates Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes while he was a student at Harvard University.[4] Website membership was initially limited to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It later expanded further to include any university student, then high school students, and, finally, to anyone aged 13 and over. The website currently has more than 175 million active users worldwide.[5]
Facebook has met with some controversy over the past few years. It has been blocked intermittently in several countries including Syria[6] and Iran.[7] It has also been banned at many places of work to discourage employees from wasting time using the service.[8] Privacy has also been an issue, and it has been compromised several times. It is also facing several lawsuits from a number of Zuckerberg's former classmates, who claim that Facebook had stolen their source code and other intellectual property.
History
The advent of Facebook came about as a spin-off of a Harvard University version of Hot or Not called Facemash.[9] Mark Zuckerberg, while attending Harvard as a sophomore, concocted Facemash on October 28, 2003. Zuckerberg was blogging about a girl and trying to think of something to do to get her off his mind.[10]
The Facebook on February 12, 2004
According to The Harvard Crimson, Facemash "used photos compiled from the online facebooks of nine Houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the “hotter” person." To accomplish this, Zuckerberg hacked into the protected areas of Harvard's computer network and copied the house's private dormitory ID images. "Perhaps Harvard will squelch it for legal reasons without realizing its value as a venture that could possibly be expanded to other schools (maybe even ones with good-looking people ... )," Zuckerberg wrote in his personal blog. "But one thing is certain, and it’s that I’m a jerk for making this site. Oh well. Someone had to do it eventually ... "[11] The site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating copyrights and violating individual privacy and faced expulsion, but ultimately the charges were dropped.[12] The following semester, Zuckerman founded "The Facebook", originally located at thefacebook.com, on February 4, 2004.[13] “Everyone’s been talking a lot about a universal face book within Harvard,” Zuckerberg told The Harvard Crimson. “I think it’s kind of silly that it would take the University a couple of years to get around to it. I can do it better than they can, and I can do it in a week.”[14] Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard was registered on the service.[15] Eduardo Saverin (business aspects), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), Andrew McCollum (graphic artist), and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[16] This expansion continued when it opened to all Ivy League and Boston area schools, and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[17] In June 2004, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[16] The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[18] Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005, which Zuckerberg called the next logical step.[19] At that time, high school networks required an invitation to join.[20] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies, including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[21] Facebook was then opened on September 26, 2006 to everyone of ages 13 and older with a valid e-mail address.[22][23] In October 2008, Facebook announced that it was to set up its international headquarters in Dublin, Ireland.[24]
Marian's Neologism 2-"stroke"
"Social grooming also takes the form of stroking, scratching, and massaging."
If stroking is a part of behavior of grooming, I wonder whether it is appropriate to interpret the relationship between storyteller and the audience like the term "grooming". To me, the terms are not appropriately used. Please let me have a confirmation about the terms.
stroke 1
play_w2("S0814600")
(str k)
n.
1. The act or an instance of striking, as with the hand, a weapon, or a tool; a blow or impact.
2.
a. The striking of a bell or gong.
b. The sound so produced.
c. The time so indicated: at the stroke of midnight.
3. A sudden action or process having a strong impact or effect: a stroke of lightning.
4. A sudden occurrence or result: a stroke of luck; a stroke of misfortune.
5. A sudden severe attack, as of paralysis or sunstroke.
6. A sudden loss of brain function caused by a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel to the brain, characterized by loss of muscular control, diminution or loss of sensation or consciousness, dizziness, slurred speech, or other symptoms that vary with the extent and severity of the damage to the brain. Also called cerebral accident, cerebrovascular accident.
7. An inspired or effective idea or act: a stroke of genius.
8.
a. A single uninterrupted movement, especially when repeated or in a back-and-forth motion: the stroke of a pendulum.
b. Any of a series of movements of a piston from one end of the limit of its motion to another.
9.
a. A single completed movement of the limbs and body, as in swimming or rowing.
b. The manner or rate of executing such a movement: My favorite stroke is butterfly. She had a very rapid stroke.
10. Nautical
a. The rower who sits nearest the coxswain or the stern and sets the tempo for the other rowers.
b. The position occupied by this person.
11. Sports
a. A movement of the upper torso and arms for the purpose of striking a ball, as in golf or tennis.
b. The manner of executing such a movement.
c. A scoring unit in golf counted for such a movement: finished six strokes under par.
12.
a. A single mark made by a writing or marking implement, such as a pen.
b. The act of making such a mark.
c. A printed line in a graphic character that resembles such a mark.
13. A distinctive effect or deft touch, as in literary composition.
v. stroked, strok·ing, strokes
v.tr.
1.
a. To mark with a single short line.
b. To draw a line through; cancel: stroked out the last sentence.
2. Nautical To set the pace for (a rowing crew).
3. To hit or propel (a ball, for example) with a smoothly regulated swing.
v.intr.
1. To make or perform a stroke.
2. Nautical To row at a particular rate per minute.
[Middle English, probably from Old English *str c; see streig- in Indo-European roots.]
If stroking is a part of behavior of grooming, I wonder whether it is appropriate to interpret the relationship between storyteller and the audience like the term "grooming". To me, the terms are not appropriately used. Please let me have a confirmation about the terms.
stroke 1
play_w2("S0814600")
(str k)
n.
1. The act or an instance of striking, as with the hand, a weapon, or a tool; a blow or impact.
2.
a. The striking of a bell or gong.
b. The sound so produced.
c. The time so indicated: at the stroke of midnight.
3. A sudden action or process having a strong impact or effect: a stroke of lightning.
4. A sudden occurrence or result: a stroke of luck; a stroke of misfortune.
5. A sudden severe attack, as of paralysis or sunstroke.
6. A sudden loss of brain function caused by a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel to the brain, characterized by loss of muscular control, diminution or loss of sensation or consciousness, dizziness, slurred speech, or other symptoms that vary with the extent and severity of the damage to the brain. Also called cerebral accident, cerebrovascular accident.
7. An inspired or effective idea or act: a stroke of genius.
8.
a. A single uninterrupted movement, especially when repeated or in a back-and-forth motion: the stroke of a pendulum.
b. Any of a series of movements of a piston from one end of the limit of its motion to another.
9.
a. A single completed movement of the limbs and body, as in swimming or rowing.
b. The manner or rate of executing such a movement: My favorite stroke is butterfly. She had a very rapid stroke.
10. Nautical
a. The rower who sits nearest the coxswain or the stern and sets the tempo for the other rowers.
b. The position occupied by this person.
11. Sports
a. A movement of the upper torso and arms for the purpose of striking a ball, as in golf or tennis.
b. The manner of executing such a movement.
c. A scoring unit in golf counted for such a movement: finished six strokes under par.
12.
a. A single mark made by a writing or marking implement, such as a pen.
b. The act of making such a mark.
c. A printed line in a graphic character that resembles such a mark.
13. A distinctive effect or deft touch, as in literary composition.
v. stroked, strok·ing, strokes
v.tr.
1.
a. To mark with a single short line.
b. To draw a line through; cancel: stroked out the last sentence.
2. Nautical To set the pace for (a rowing crew).
3. To hit or propel (a ball, for example) with a smoothly regulated swing.
v.intr.
1. To make or perform a stroke.
2. Nautical To row at a particular rate per minute.
[Middle English, probably from Old English *str c; see streig- in Indo-European roots.]
Marian's Neologism 1-"Grooming"
Groom
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The verb to Groom can refer to:
Personal grooming, or preening, in humans and animals, a hygienic activity (caring for physical appearance)
Dog grooming, the care provided for a dog's physical appearance (especially its coat and nails), or specific work done to enhance its appearance for a show
Horse grooming, the daily hygienic care provided for horses, or specific work done on the horse to enhance its physical appearance for a show
Social grooming, the activity by which animals and people who live in proximity can bond and reinforce social structures
Traffic grooming, a technical activity in telecommunications
Child grooming, befriending a child, often in the negative context of preparing them to accept inappropriate behavior
Snow grooming, the process of preparing snow for recreational uses, such as skiing
Animal self-grooming behavior
Social grooming
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In social animals such as humans social grooming or allogrooming is an activity in which individuals in a group clean or maintain each other's body or appearance. It is a major social activity, and a means by which animals who live in proximity can bond and reinforce social structures, family links, and build relationships. Social grooming is also used as a form of reconciliation and a means of conflict resolution in some species.
It is a reuse of ordinary grooming behavior, a means of achieving hygiene and good health, in that an animal that helps another animal to clean itself, is also helping to form a social bond and trust between them.
[edit] Non-human animals
All animals regularly clean themselves to keep their fur, feathers, scales, or other skin coverings in good condition. This activity is known as personal grooming, preening, or auto-grooming and is a form of hygiene. Foreign objects such as insects, ectoparasites, dead skin, and leaves, dirt and twigs, are some of the items typically removed.
Many social animals groom each other, an activity known as social grooming, mutual grooming, or allo-grooming. Items removed during social grooming are identical to those removed by personal grooming. Social grooming also takes the form of stroking, scratching, and massaging.
Primates provide perhaps the best example of this activity. Primatologists have called grooming the social cement of the primate world. The trust and bonding it builds is critical to group cooperation. Among primates, social grooming pays an important role in establishing and maintaining alliances and dominance hierarchies, for building coalitions, for reconciliation after conflicts, and is a resource that is exchanged for other resources like food and sex.[1][2][3][4] Primates groom socially in moments of boredom as well, and the act has been shown to reduce tension and stress.[5] Primates have been known to fall asleep while receiving grooming.
Results of a research shows that male Crab-eating Macaques will groom females in order to get sex. The study found that a female has a greater likelihood to engage in sexual activity with a male if he had recently groomed her, compared to males who had not groomed her.[6]
Other animals groom socially as well. These include insects,[7] fish,[8] birds,[9] ungulates,[10] and bats.[11] Whereas social grooming among primates has been very well-studied, less is known about social grooming in these other animals.
Mammals often perform social grooming. Domesticated animals, especially cats and dogs, will groom trusted humans as a sign of affection.
[edit] Human mutual grooming
A few empirical studies of human social grooming exist.[12][13] They rely on self-report survey and experimental methodology of adults living primarily in the U.S. and other Western cultures. People report grooming romantic partners more than grooming people they have other types of relationships with like family members, friends, and strangers. Grooming is associated with increased relationship satisfaction, trust, and experience of family affection while growing up. People who groom, as opposed to touch each other without grooming, are perceived to be better potential parents, more in love with the person they have groomed and more caring and committed to them. Women, but not men, tend to think people who have groomed one another are romantically involved. People also think that if people who have groomed one other are romantically involved, they are in a long-term relationship rather than one that has just begun. Human mutual grooming plays a role in pairbonding.
[edit] Endocrine effects of grooming
Grooming stimulates the release of beta-endorphin which is one physiological reason for why grooming appears to be relaxing.[14]
Additionally, an article published in 1997 concluded that an increase in maternal grooming resulted in a proportionate increase in Glucocorticoid receptors on target tissue in the neonatal rat. Additionally it was found that the receptor number was altered because of a change in both serotonin and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations. An increase in the number of receptors might influence the amount of negative feedback on corticosteroid secretion and prevent the undesirable side effects of an abnormal physiologic stress response.[15]
Personal grooming
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[edit] In humans
Main article: Hygiene
Grooming in humans typically includes bathroom activities such as primping: washing and cleansing the hair, combing it to extract tangles and snarls, and styling. It can also include cosmetic care of the body, such as shaving.
Primping is usually the act of getting ready before going out for the night. Such activities include showering, the application of makeup and the picking out of the night's outfit and jewelry.
[edit] In other animals
Blue Ducks preening their feathers
Individual animals regularly clean themselves and put their fur, feathers or other skin coverings in good order. This activity is known as personal grooming, a form of hygiene. For example, combing through the hair or feathers, ensuring they lie smoothly against the skin, and extracting foreign objects such as insects, and leaves, dirt and twigs, are all forms of grooming.
Among animals, birds spend considerable time preening their feathers. This is done to remove ectoparasites, keep them in good aerodynamic condition, and waterproof them. They use the "preen oil" secreted by the uropygial gland, the dust of powder down, or other means such as dust-bathing or anting. When an oil spill affects penguins, animal conservation that rescue them sometimes dress them in knitted sweaters to stop them from preening and thereby ingesting the mineral oil which is poisonous.
Felidae (cats) are famous for their extensive grooming. One reason advanced for such grooming is to remove all traces of blood and other matter so as to not alert prey with the scent. Cats groom so much that they often produce hairballs from the fur they ingest.
[edit] Grooming as a social activity
Main article: Social grooming
Many social animals adapt preening and grooming behaviors for other social purposes such as bonding, social structure enforcement, or dispute resolution.
Child grooming
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the act of befriending and influencing a child with the intent of sexually abusing the child. For grooming to improve appearance or hygiene, see Personal grooming.
Child grooming, in the context of this article, refers to actions deliberately undertaken with the aim of befriending and establishing an emotional connection with a child, in order to lower the child's inhibitions in preparation for sexual abuse.
//
Overview
The deliberate actions taken by an adult to form a trusting relationship with a child, with the intent of later having sexual contact, is known as child grooming. The act of grooming a child sexually may include activities that are legal in and of themselves, but later lead to sexual contact. Typically, this is done to gain the child's trust as well as the trust of those responsible for the child's well-being. Furthermore, research has shown children are less likely to report a crime if it involves someone that he or she knows, trusts, and/or cares about[citation needed]. Additionally, a trusting relationship with the family means that unfortunately, the child's parents will be less likely to believe any potential accusations. [1]
[edit] Examples of activities sometimes used as part of child grooming
Taking an undue interest in someone's child (having a "special" friend)
Giving gifts or money to the child for no apparent reason
Showing pornography to the child (illegal in many jurisdictions)
Talking about sexual topics that are not age-appropriate
Invading the child's privacy (e.g. walking in on him/her in the bathroom)
Hugging, kissing, or other physical contact even when the child wants this attention
Allowing the child to get away with inappropriate behavior
Talking to the child about problems that would normally be discussed between adults (e.g. marital problems)[2][1]
Becoming good friends with the child's parents in order to gain easy access to their child (e.g. Babysitting)
Inviting the child over for sleep overs or sleeping in the same room or bed with someone else's child that wouldn't normally be done between an adult and the child.
[edit] Child grooming over the Internet
Sexual grooming of children also occurs on the Internet. Some abusers will pose as children online and make arrangements to meet with them in person.
In 2003, MSN implemented restrictions in their chat rooms purportedly intended to help protect children from adults seeking sexual conversations with them. In 2005, Yahoo! chat rooms were investigated by the New York State attorney general's office for allowing users to create rooms whose names suggested that they were being used for this purpose. That October, Yahoo! agreed to "implement policies and procedures designed to ensure" that such rooms would not be allowed.
An organization called Perverted-Justice (known as PJ) uses PJ operatives posing as underage teens on the internet to identify potential child molesters and turn the information over to the police and the courts. The news program Dateline NBC features the recurring segment "To Catch a Predator", based on documenting such activities.
Multiple programs have been developed, that help identify grooming and warn parents. The software studies chat room and other Instant messaging logs for activity that may identify grooming or other potentially suspicious activities. Some of the technologies have been adapted to social networking services and ISPs.[3]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The verb to Groom can refer to:
Personal grooming, or preening, in humans and animals, a hygienic activity (caring for physical appearance)
Dog grooming, the care provided for a dog's physical appearance (especially its coat and nails), or specific work done to enhance its appearance for a show
Horse grooming, the daily hygienic care provided for horses, or specific work done on the horse to enhance its physical appearance for a show
Social grooming, the activity by which animals and people who live in proximity can bond and reinforce social structures
Traffic grooming, a technical activity in telecommunications
Child grooming, befriending a child, often in the negative context of preparing them to accept inappropriate behavior
Snow grooming, the process of preparing snow for recreational uses, such as skiing
Animal self-grooming behavior
Social grooming
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In social animals such as humans social grooming or allogrooming is an activity in which individuals in a group clean or maintain each other's body or appearance. It is a major social activity, and a means by which animals who live in proximity can bond and reinforce social structures, family links, and build relationships. Social grooming is also used as a form of reconciliation and a means of conflict resolution in some species.
It is a reuse of ordinary grooming behavior, a means of achieving hygiene and good health, in that an animal that helps another animal to clean itself, is also helping to form a social bond and trust between them.
[edit] Non-human animals
All animals regularly clean themselves to keep their fur, feathers, scales, or other skin coverings in good condition. This activity is known as personal grooming, preening, or auto-grooming and is a form of hygiene. Foreign objects such as insects, ectoparasites, dead skin, and leaves, dirt and twigs, are some of the items typically removed.
Many social animals groom each other, an activity known as social grooming, mutual grooming, or allo-grooming. Items removed during social grooming are identical to those removed by personal grooming. Social grooming also takes the form of stroking, scratching, and massaging.
Primates provide perhaps the best example of this activity. Primatologists have called grooming the social cement of the primate world. The trust and bonding it builds is critical to group cooperation. Among primates, social grooming pays an important role in establishing and maintaining alliances and dominance hierarchies, for building coalitions, for reconciliation after conflicts, and is a resource that is exchanged for other resources like food and sex.[1][2][3][4] Primates groom socially in moments of boredom as well, and the act has been shown to reduce tension and stress.[5] Primates have been known to fall asleep while receiving grooming.
Results of a research shows that male Crab-eating Macaques will groom females in order to get sex. The study found that a female has a greater likelihood to engage in sexual activity with a male if he had recently groomed her, compared to males who had not groomed her.[6]
Other animals groom socially as well. These include insects,[7] fish,[8] birds,[9] ungulates,[10] and bats.[11] Whereas social grooming among primates has been very well-studied, less is known about social grooming in these other animals.
Mammals often perform social grooming. Domesticated animals, especially cats and dogs, will groom trusted humans as a sign of affection.
[edit] Human mutual grooming
A few empirical studies of human social grooming exist.[12][13] They rely on self-report survey and experimental methodology of adults living primarily in the U.S. and other Western cultures. People report grooming romantic partners more than grooming people they have other types of relationships with like family members, friends, and strangers. Grooming is associated with increased relationship satisfaction, trust, and experience of family affection while growing up. People who groom, as opposed to touch each other without grooming, are perceived to be better potential parents, more in love with the person they have groomed and more caring and committed to them. Women, but not men, tend to think people who have groomed one another are romantically involved. People also think that if people who have groomed one other are romantically involved, they are in a long-term relationship rather than one that has just begun. Human mutual grooming plays a role in pairbonding.
[edit] Endocrine effects of grooming
Grooming stimulates the release of beta-endorphin which is one physiological reason for why grooming appears to be relaxing.[14]
Additionally, an article published in 1997 concluded that an increase in maternal grooming resulted in a proportionate increase in Glucocorticoid receptors on target tissue in the neonatal rat. Additionally it was found that the receptor number was altered because of a change in both serotonin and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations. An increase in the number of receptors might influence the amount of negative feedback on corticosteroid secretion and prevent the undesirable side effects of an abnormal physiologic stress response.[15]
Personal grooming
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[edit] In humans
Main article: Hygiene
Grooming in humans typically includes bathroom activities such as primping: washing and cleansing the hair, combing it to extract tangles and snarls, and styling. It can also include cosmetic care of the body, such as shaving.
Primping is usually the act of getting ready before going out for the night. Such activities include showering, the application of makeup and the picking out of the night's outfit and jewelry.
[edit] In other animals
Blue Ducks preening their feathers
Individual animals regularly clean themselves and put their fur, feathers or other skin coverings in good order. This activity is known as personal grooming, a form of hygiene. For example, combing through the hair or feathers, ensuring they lie smoothly against the skin, and extracting foreign objects such as insects, and leaves, dirt and twigs, are all forms of grooming.
Among animals, birds spend considerable time preening their feathers. This is done to remove ectoparasites, keep them in good aerodynamic condition, and waterproof them. They use the "preen oil" secreted by the uropygial gland, the dust of powder down, or other means such as dust-bathing or anting. When an oil spill affects penguins, animal conservation that rescue them sometimes dress them in knitted sweaters to stop them from preening and thereby ingesting the mineral oil which is poisonous.
Felidae (cats) are famous for their extensive grooming. One reason advanced for such grooming is to remove all traces of blood and other matter so as to not alert prey with the scent. Cats groom so much that they often produce hairballs from the fur they ingest.
[edit] Grooming as a social activity
Main article: Social grooming
Many social animals adapt preening and grooming behaviors for other social purposes such as bonding, social structure enforcement, or dispute resolution.
Child grooming
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the act of befriending and influencing a child with the intent of sexually abusing the child. For grooming to improve appearance or hygiene, see Personal grooming.
Child grooming, in the context of this article, refers to actions deliberately undertaken with the aim of befriending and establishing an emotional connection with a child, in order to lower the child's inhibitions in preparation for sexual abuse.
//
Overview
The deliberate actions taken by an adult to form a trusting relationship with a child, with the intent of later having sexual contact, is known as child grooming. The act of grooming a child sexually may include activities that are legal in and of themselves, but later lead to sexual contact. Typically, this is done to gain the child's trust as well as the trust of those responsible for the child's well-being. Furthermore, research has shown children are less likely to report a crime if it involves someone that he or she knows, trusts, and/or cares about[citation needed]. Additionally, a trusting relationship with the family means that unfortunately, the child's parents will be less likely to believe any potential accusations. [1]
[edit] Examples of activities sometimes used as part of child grooming
Taking an undue interest in someone's child (having a "special" friend)
Giving gifts or money to the child for no apparent reason
Showing pornography to the child (illegal in many jurisdictions)
Talking about sexual topics that are not age-appropriate
Invading the child's privacy (e.g. walking in on him/her in the bathroom)
Hugging, kissing, or other physical contact even when the child wants this attention
Allowing the child to get away with inappropriate behavior
Talking to the child about problems that would normally be discussed between adults (e.g. marital problems)[2][1]
Becoming good friends with the child's parents in order to gain easy access to their child (e.g. Babysitting)
Inviting the child over for sleep overs or sleeping in the same room or bed with someone else's child that wouldn't normally be done between an adult and the child.
[edit] Child grooming over the Internet
Sexual grooming of children also occurs on the Internet. Some abusers will pose as children online and make arrangements to meet with them in person.
In 2003, MSN implemented restrictions in their chat rooms purportedly intended to help protect children from adults seeking sexual conversations with them. In 2005, Yahoo! chat rooms were investigated by the New York State attorney general's office for allowing users to create rooms whose names suggested that they were being used for this purpose. That October, Yahoo! agreed to "implement policies and procedures designed to ensure" that such rooms would not be allowed.
An organization called Perverted-Justice (known as PJ) uses PJ operatives posing as underage teens on the internet to identify potential child molesters and turn the information over to the police and the courts. The news program Dateline NBC features the recurring segment "To Catch a Predator", based on documenting such activities.
Multiple programs have been developed, that help identify grooming and warn parents. The software studies chat room and other Instant messaging logs for activity that may identify grooming or other potentially suspicious activities. Some of the technologies have been adapted to social networking services and ISPs.[3]
Tuesday, April 7, 2009
Blog Journal Entry
Etymologies
share (v.)
1586, to apportion to someone as his share," from share (n.1). Meaning "to divide one's own and give part to others" is recorded from 1592, this term seemed take on a new life in just 6 short years. In storytelling, we seem to do a great deal of sharing with our audience. In acting, its the same. you share yourself with the audience. when you put yourself and your own feelings into the story or part youre playing, the audience rewards you with positive reenforcement, such as clapping
gesture
c.1410, "manner of carrying the body," from M.L. gestura "bearing, behavior," from L. gestus "gesture, carriage, posture" (see gest). Restricted sense of "a movement of the body or a part of it" is from 1551; fig. sense of "action undertaken in good will to express feeling" is from 1916.
using body language is so important in everything we do. you can tell so much about a person just by how they carry themselves. different flips of the hand or turns of the neck can mean something funny or sad. I personally believe it would be quite difficult to tell a story if you were as stiff as a board (ha! neologism!)
phrase
1530, "manner or style of expression," also "group of words with some unity," from L.L. phrasis "diction," from Gk. phrasis "speech, way of speaking, phraseology," from phrazein "to express, tell," from phrazesthai "to consider," of unknown origin. The musical sense of "short passage" is from 1789. The verb sense "to put into a phrase" is from 1570. Phraseology "choice or arrangement of words" first recorded 1664.
phrases can be used to make up stories while to phrase something can mean to put it together. sound like tricky puzzle that we all do, and that is to piece together ideas into a story. what are stories but bits of memories and ideas that are pieced together and woven into a beautiful quilt of knowledge, entertainment, and experience
Neologisms
chill-relax: calm down, Judas- a negative term for someone who betrays you, Sleep- the gunk in the corner of the eye after a night's sleep, Montezuma's Revenge- a term used to describe a condition of the bowels when one drinks infected water and has diarrhea, black ball-to make sure someone does not get something they desire by means of interference, squirrelly- to feel silly; strange, brain fart-to forget or lose one's train of thought, firewall- an electronic piece of software installed in a computer who's purpose is to protect against viruses, vintage-referring to clothing and other items that have been used and are from the past, post- referring to the way people communicate by putting their information on the internet, upload- to take items from such as photos, which are on the hard drive of the computer and transfer them to the internet
New and odd phrases
oh my sainted aunt! from philedelphia story when Katherine Hepburn realizes she has a wedding to stop; jumped out at me cant tell how many times Ive heard this, can be used to describenot noticing something until it was too late; Heller! my friends at the theatre use this as a sort of code word for hello and holer put together; throw ideas around when colleagues get together to discuss things and exchange ideas; extreme yayness my happy little friend kacy says little sayings like this everyday, they always make me smile; grab you a lil something my boyfriend was worried about me because i had been going straight all day and hadnt eaten much so when he called that is exactly the way he said it; avatar creating a character that is of your own design; fadiddlin a hilarious term coined by our own cheshire cat, when she was asking about where she was supposed to be; oh my G! I have the most colorful friends! two sisters that im friends with say this so they wont cuss; lol for the longest time i had no idea what this meant, even now i get a little paranoid by text terms and abbreviations; nincompoop I love the way this word sounds. its such a silly word it can be a negative term and once was
share (v.)
1586, to apportion to someone as his share," from share (n.1). Meaning "to divide one's own and give part to others" is recorded from 1592, this term seemed take on a new life in just 6 short years. In storytelling, we seem to do a great deal of sharing with our audience. In acting, its the same. you share yourself with the audience. when you put yourself and your own feelings into the story or part youre playing, the audience rewards you with positive reenforcement, such as clapping
gesture
c.1410, "manner of carrying the body," from M.L. gestura "bearing, behavior," from L. gestus "gesture, carriage, posture" (see gest). Restricted sense of "a movement of the body or a part of it" is from 1551; fig. sense of "action undertaken in good will to express feeling" is from 1916.
using body language is so important in everything we do. you can tell so much about a person just by how they carry themselves. different flips of the hand or turns of the neck can mean something funny or sad. I personally believe it would be quite difficult to tell a story if you were as stiff as a board (ha! neologism!)
phrase
1530, "manner or style of expression," also "group of words with some unity," from L.L. phrasis "diction," from Gk. phrasis "speech, way of speaking, phraseology," from phrazein "to express, tell," from phrazesthai "to consider," of unknown origin. The musical sense of "short passage" is from 1789. The verb sense "to put into a phrase" is from 1570. Phraseology "choice or arrangement of words" first recorded 1664.
phrases can be used to make up stories while to phrase something can mean to put it together. sound like tricky puzzle that we all do, and that is to piece together ideas into a story. what are stories but bits of memories and ideas that are pieced together and woven into a beautiful quilt of knowledge, entertainment, and experience
Neologisms
chill-relax: calm down, Judas- a negative term for someone who betrays you, Sleep- the gunk in the corner of the eye after a night's sleep, Montezuma's Revenge- a term used to describe a condition of the bowels when one drinks infected water and has diarrhea, black ball-to make sure someone does not get something they desire by means of interference, squirrelly- to feel silly; strange, brain fart-to forget or lose one's train of thought, firewall- an electronic piece of software installed in a computer who's purpose is to protect against viruses, vintage-referring to clothing and other items that have been used and are from the past, post- referring to the way people communicate by putting their information on the internet, upload- to take items from such as photos, which are on the hard drive of the computer and transfer them to the internet
New and odd phrases
oh my sainted aunt! from philedelphia story when Katherine Hepburn realizes she has a wedding to stop; jumped out at me cant tell how many times Ive heard this, can be used to describenot noticing something until it was too late; Heller! my friends at the theatre use this as a sort of code word for hello and holer put together; throw ideas around when colleagues get together to discuss things and exchange ideas; extreme yayness my happy little friend kacy says little sayings like this everyday, they always make me smile; grab you a lil something my boyfriend was worried about me because i had been going straight all day and hadnt eaten much so when he called that is exactly the way he said it; avatar creating a character that is of your own design; fadiddlin a hilarious term coined by our own cheshire cat, when she was asking about where she was supposed to be; oh my G! I have the most colorful friends! two sisters that im friends with say this so they wont cuss; lol for the longest time i had no idea what this meant, even now i get a little paranoid by text terms and abbreviations; nincompoop I love the way this word sounds. its such a silly word it can be a negative term and once was
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